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Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)

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Bibliographic Details
Journal Title: The South African Archaeological Bulletin
Authors and Corporations: Klein, Richard G.
In: The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 39, 1984, 140, p. 109-116
Type of Resource: E-Article
Language: English
published:
author_facet Klein, Richard G.
Klein, Richard G.
author Klein, Richard G.
spellingShingle Klein, Richard G.
The South African Archaeological Bulletin
Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
author_sort klein, richard g.
spelling Klein, Richard G. 0038-1969 The South African Archaeological Society https://www.jstor.org/stable/3888376 <p>Heuningneskrans Shelter (eastern Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (south-central Zambia) are among the very few archaeological sites in southern Africa with levels dating to the closing millennia of the Last Glacial, between 30-20 000 and 12 000 B.P. Although the animal bones from both sites are highly fragmented and the samples are small, each sample is sufficient to suggest that the local Last Glacial environment was broadly similar to the postglacial or historic one. This is in sharp contrast to the situation further south in Africa where fossil bones imply a dramatic difference between Last Glacial and postglacial environments. The Heuningneskrans sample contains the latest known record of the extinct hyperhypsodont springbok, Antidorcas bondi, represented by a single tooth in a layer radiocarbon-dated to approximately 20 000 B.P. The Leopard's Hill sample reported here contains no totally extinct species, but it does contain bones of two extant species that did not occur near the site historically. These are the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and the Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni), both in levels mainly older than 16 000 B.P. The presence of these species may imply a somewhat different (? more open) environment during the Last Glacial than in postglacial times. Alternatively, it is possible that both species survived in the region until relatively recently and only disappeared as a result of human (? Iron Age) activity. Unfortunately, both samples are too small for truly substantive or novel inferences about the behaviour of the Stone Age people who occupied the sites.</p> Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard&#39;s Hill Cave (Zambia) The South African Archaeological Bulletin
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title Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_unstemmed Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_full Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_fullStr Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_full_unstemmed Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_short Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_sort later stone age faunal samples from heuningneskrans shelter (transvaal) and leopard's hill cave (zambia)
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description Heuningneskrans Shelter (eastern Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (south-central Zambia) are among the very few archaeological sites in southern Africa with levels dating to the closing millennia of the Last Glacial, between 30-20 000 and 12 000 B.P. Although the animal bones from both sites are highly fragmented and the samples are small, each sample is sufficient to suggest that the local Last Glacial environment was broadly similar to the postglacial or historic one. This is in sharp contrast to the situation further south in Africa where fossil bones imply a dramatic difference between Last Glacial and postglacial environments. The Heuningneskrans sample contains the latest known record of the extinct hyperhypsodont springbok, Antidorcas bondi, represented by a single tooth in a layer radiocarbon-dated to approximately 20 000 B.P. The Leopard's Hill sample reported here contains no totally extinct species, but it does contain bones of two extant species that did not occur near the site historically. These are the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and the Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni), both in levels mainly older than 16 000 B.P. The presence of these species may imply a somewhat different (? more open) environment during the Last Glacial than in postglacial times. Alternatively, it is possible that both species survived in the region until relatively recently and only disappeared as a result of human (? Iron Age) activity. Unfortunately, both samples are too small for truly substantive or novel inferences about the behaviour of the Stone Age people who occupied the sites.
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description Heuningneskrans Shelter (eastern Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (south-central Zambia) are among the very few archaeological sites in southern Africa with levels dating to the closing millennia of the Last Glacial, between 30-20 000 and 12 000 B.P. Although the animal bones from both sites are highly fragmented and the samples are small, each sample is sufficient to suggest that the local Last Glacial environment was broadly similar to the postglacial or historic one. This is in sharp contrast to the situation further south in Africa where fossil bones imply a dramatic difference between Last Glacial and postglacial environments. The Heuningneskrans sample contains the latest known record of the extinct hyperhypsodont springbok, Antidorcas bondi, represented by a single tooth in a layer radiocarbon-dated to approximately 20 000 B.P. The Leopard's Hill sample reported here contains no totally extinct species, but it does contain bones of two extant species that did not occur near the site historically. These are the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and the Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni), both in levels mainly older than 16 000 B.P. The presence of these species may imply a somewhat different (? more open) environment during the Last Glacial than in postglacial times. Alternatively, it is possible that both species survived in the region until relatively recently and only disappeared as a result of human (? Iron Age) activity. Unfortunately, both samples are too small for truly substantive or novel inferences about the behaviour of the Stone Age people who occupied the sites.
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spelling Klein, Richard G. 0038-1969 The South African Archaeological Society https://www.jstor.org/stable/3888376 <p>Heuningneskrans Shelter (eastern Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (south-central Zambia) are among the very few archaeological sites in southern Africa with levels dating to the closing millennia of the Last Glacial, between 30-20 000 and 12 000 B.P. Although the animal bones from both sites are highly fragmented and the samples are small, each sample is sufficient to suggest that the local Last Glacial environment was broadly similar to the postglacial or historic one. This is in sharp contrast to the situation further south in Africa where fossil bones imply a dramatic difference between Last Glacial and postglacial environments. The Heuningneskrans sample contains the latest known record of the extinct hyperhypsodont springbok, Antidorcas bondi, represented by a single tooth in a layer radiocarbon-dated to approximately 20 000 B.P. The Leopard's Hill sample reported here contains no totally extinct species, but it does contain bones of two extant species that did not occur near the site historically. These are the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and the Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni), both in levels mainly older than 16 000 B.P. The presence of these species may imply a somewhat different (? more open) environment during the Last Glacial than in postglacial times. Alternatively, it is possible that both species survived in the region until relatively recently and only disappeared as a result of human (? Iron Age) activity. Unfortunately, both samples are too small for truly substantive or novel inferences about the behaviour of the Stone Age people who occupied the sites.</p> Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard&#39;s Hill Cave (Zambia) The South African Archaeological Bulletin
spellingShingle Klein, Richard G., The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_full Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_fullStr Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_full_unstemmed Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_short Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
title_sort later stone age faunal samples from heuningneskrans shelter (transvaal) and leopard's hill cave (zambia)
title_unstemmed Later Stone Age Faunal Samples from Heuningneskrans Shelter (Transvaal) and Leopard's Hill Cave (Zambia)
url https://www.jstor.org/stable/3888376